Wilfrid Lauriano do Rego is Partner, KPMG and Vice Chairperson, Terrawatt Initiative
Over 640 million Africans have no access to energy. This
corresponds to an electricity access rate for African countries of just
over 40 percent, the lowest in the world. Annual per capita energy
consumption in sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa) is 180 kWh,
compared to 13,000 kWh per capita in the United States and 6,500 kWh in
Europe. The region accounts for 13% of the world’s population, but only
4% of its energy demand.
Africa’s energy potential, especially from renewable energy sources, is
enormous. The continent has well over 10 TW of solar potential, 350 GW
of hydroelectric potential, 110 GW of wind potential and an additional
15 GW of geothermal potential, yet only a fraction of it is being
currently employed.
Making reliable and affordable power widely available is critical to the
development of the region. Investors in Africa have been known to refer
to it as a ‘bring-your-own-infrastructure’ continent where investing
firms must provide independent generators, water purification and even
sewage treatment when building a factory or a hotel.
To reach the goals of providing energy to the 640 million people
currently without access and providing sufficient power to businesses,
Africa must make significant progress with four imperatives:
- Increase on-grid generation
- Increase on-grid transmission and grid connections
- Increase off-grid generation
- Increase access to clean cooking energy for millions of households
Solar power is a unique opportunity and can play a key role in
achieving these goals. Solar is simple, scalable, decarbonized, and
competitive – features permitting it to be deployed quickly and widely
and contribute substantially to the Africa energy independence. I
believe that the market forces driving the decline in solar generation
cost and other energy projects announced with levelized cost of
electricity (“LCoE”) below $30/MWH can drive radical changes in Africa’s
future power generation.
Nevertheless, while a number of projects exist and with more emerging,
the lack of i) sufficient and appropriate financing ii) fully bankable
projects iii) appropriate regulatory environments, and iv) coordination
by regional and government authorities, all, severely limit the scale
and speed at which new electricity generation capacities are provided to
the continent allowing it to tap its huge solar potential.
Innovative and emerging initiatives can contribute to Africa’s energy
independence by providing access to affordable and tailored financing.
Terrawatt Initiative is one of the possible route. Terrawatt
Initiative aims to accelerate the development of solar energy globally
by designing a new market for solar energy based on common regulations,
practices and guarantees to reduce the LCOE below $30 /MWH. Terrawatt
Initiative and a designated Task Force led the International Solar
Alliance’s (ISA) Common Risk Mitigation Mechanism feasibility study,
which has led to the next phase of implementation around three core
programmes:
- Solar Energy Standardization Initiative (SESI): This programme aims at designing and drafting a comprehensive set of open source contracts and guidelines to reduce development time and costs of transactions that weigh heavily on the competitiveness of solar energy. To carry this project, Terrawatt and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) are collaborating with over 30 leading development banks, law firms and industry associations. The outcome of this programme, targeted for 2018, will be a robust portfolio of open-source, freely available, standardised template agreements and guidelines
- Ambrogio: This programme will provide governments with a decision-making tool to accelerate the reduction of solar costs. The tool shows correlations between financing costs, perceived risk premium, and legal and regulatory frameworks. This enables users to identify the levers of simplification and optimisation of the regulatory framework, so that reform can be prioritised, creating the regulatory and financial conditions necessary for development. The next steps for this programme are to interact with policy-makers to raise awareness.
- New Green Market that connects all market players and transparently flows information to foster competition; that makes clean energy solvent through an international common purchase framework and mechanism of mutual guarantee to unite demand; and that provides investment products for private institutional investors by aggregating and securitising large-scale financial flows from green assets to catalyse investment.
Solar PV can and should be made more affordable in solar-rich countries, this is why KPMG, as a Founding Member of Terrawatt Initiative, is committed to bringing its expertise to design solutions that will make solar energy affordable for all. I’ll be discussing more on this during the NEF Global Gathering’s session “Towards Africa’s energy independence” on 27th March 2018.